![]() Diode Operation Modesįor the basic PN diode, there are two states or modes of operation. And in conjunction with the voltage across the device, the mode of operation for the diode is controllable, as discussed below. In fact, this is the basis for fabricating different types of PN junction-based devices that exhibit various operating conditions. The fact that the amount of current flow can be controlled by the amount of injection of carriers is profound. The opposite of this movement of electrons is what is known as current flow, which proceeds in a positive-to-negative direction. Semiconductors-such as silicon and germanium-that are primarily used today, also exhibit this electron flow, although only outer electrons of the crystal lattice structure flow or move between holes. This discovery included an understanding of hole-electron diffusion, whereby the introduction of carriers into a depletion region between negatively and positively charged metals can create a flow of negatively charged electrons based on the availability of “holes” to receive them. ![]() Although specific diode types may be used for different applications, their basic functionality (as well as that of transistors) can be traced back to the discovery of the PN junction, shown in the figure below, in the 1940s by Vadem Lashkarev.ġImage from Energy Education at. Nevertheless, there are many types of diodes, including Zener, Schottky, Avalanche, Laser, LED, Schockley, and others. This is especially true for PCBAs that include digital circuitry that requires switching, which is the primary function of diodes. Yet, for the majority of circuit boards designed and built today, the diode-or one of its derivatives-is almost as common. ![]() When thinking of basic electrical circuit elements, the resistor, capacitor, and inductor are typically the first to come to mind. ![]() Let’s go back to the basics of this diode’s operation, which will serve only to enhance your design of boards that use this component and its many derivatives. Although transistors come in many types and may themselves be implemented as foundational components for other ICs, modules, and devices, their construction and functionality can be traced back to the PN diode. Today, for many PCBAs, this means knowing how to determine and effectively leverage the operational characteristics of fast switching transistors. Nevertheless, the success of your design depends upon the utilization of basic electronic circuit design principles. Iverson had obviously forgotten at that moment that practices are held, at least in part, to reinforce the basics, which are the foundation upon which success in the game, when it counts, depends.ĭesigners and engineers do not have the luxury of practice when designing circuit boards. At one point, he stated apparently in amazement, “We're talking about practice, not a game, not a game, not a game, we’re talking about practice.” This departure from the normal bland responses for these interviews was definitely entertaining. With this expectation, I half-heartedly began to listen to NBA Hall of Famer Allen Iverson admonish a reporter for questioning his effort and attendance at team practices. It may occupy a lot of space (or time), but afterward, you still feel empty. In most cases, listening to a professional athlete give a post-game interview is a lot like eating cotton candy. The basics are the foundation of success.
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